The MCC on CheQ is such which gives RPs intentionally by design "Its in their ad's also". Due to the same they have gotten a lawyers letter to stop the incorrect usage of the MCC.
The refund issue is a problem due to follwup and security reasons but they seem to have made a few additions in the handshake model for int transactions.
CBDC integration with UPI has already been done and banks like YES among other have a singular QR for both leading to high level penetration in both fields.
One word "RPs"
I swear this morning there was talk of a certain company paying their electricity bill of 14cr with a corporate card but sadly the amount was too large and had to be paid in two parts.