Cheque cashed but returned fee charged

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Last week, I encountered an anomaly regarding a checque issued from my account (Bank A) to my advisor (Bank B). The cheque was deposited and successfully processed; the funds were deducted from my account, and I received a confirmation SMS.
However, shortly after the initial successful clearing, the cheque was presented for payment a second time. Because the funds had already been deducted during the first (successful) transaction, this duplicate submission caused an 'insufficient funds' error, resulting in a returned checque status for the second attempt. My bank statement reflects this error: an initial valid debit, followed by a second failed debit attempt, and a subsequent correction.
I have confirmed with Bank A that the cheque was indeed cashed initially. The 'return' was solely due to the erroneous duplicate submission. Consequently, the advisor’s firm received the funds (after a two-day delay) but has now charged me a returned check fee. Since the cheque was valid and funded, and the error resulted from a processing duplication, this fee is unjustified.

I want to know whose fault is this and how do I get the refund?

 

[SSQ]

Contact the bank to get more information on how the same cheque is sent twice for clearing.
The recipient bank must have debited the charges, hence they passed on to you.