Drone warfare is a form of warfare using robots. Robot types include unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAV) or weaponized commercial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), unmanned surface vehicles, and ground based drones. The United States, the United Kingdom, Israel, China, South Korea, Iran, Iraq, Italy, France, India, Pakistan, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, and Poland are known to have manufactured operational UCAVs as of 2019.
Drone attacks can be conducted by commercial UCAVs dropping bombs, firing a missile, or crashing into a target. In the early years of the 21st century, most drone strikes were carried out by the US military in such countries as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and Libya using air-to-surface missiles. Drone warfare has been increasingly deployed by Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and by militant groups such as the Houthis. Observers have described drone warfare as one of the most significant innovations of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, beginning in 2022, and one that characterized the war.
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